Abstract
This chapter discusses the main sources of product innovations, thus encompassing R&D, design activity, creativity, imports, foreign direct investment, and the emulation of others. Although there is no neat statistical breakdown of the relative importance of the various sources, R&D is not the sole source of new products. It will be especially important in some industries; but in others—such as the creative industries—design and creativity may be more relevant. For any individual economy, many product innovations may originate from or be supplied from outside the national economy. Emulation is also a major source of innovative new products, and the chapter discusses how emulation may be limited by formal and informal means of protecting intellectual property.
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