Sources of intense geomagnetic storms over the rise of solar cycle 23

Abstract

In this work we present a study of the triggers of intense geomagnetic storms since the launch of the WIND spacecraft, November 1995 until December 2001. Reviewing the signatures of solar wind flow, we looked for two different kinds of interplanetary events associated with intense geomagnetic storms: ejecta and corotating solar wind streams. We also looked for the solar origin related to both events. We provide a list of the solar–terrestrial events during the rising phase of this solar cycle. The paper includes statistical conclusions that shed light onto the paradigm of geomagnetic storms.