Sources and Risk factors of a Novel MRSA Spa Type Circulating in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major source of colonization and infection affecting premature neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Objectives: to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and resistant profiles in neonates, their mothers, and healthcare personnel. In addition, to confirm the clonal similarity of neonatal Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus to their mothers or healthcare personnel. Materials and Methods: Samples were screened and identified for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus colonization by gram stain, biochemical tests, oxacillin disk diffusion test, and resistance pattern. PCR was used to detect the presence of nuc and mecA gene. DNA fingerprinting was conducted using a standard spa typing technique. Results: Healthcare personnel colonization was high (27.9%) compared to neonatal and maternal colonization (15F%, 9.7%, respectively) and was found to be the only significant risk factor for neonatal MRSA colonization. Fifteen different spa types were identified and the novel t12492 was predominant among neonates and was reported for the first time. There was no demonstrated distribution correlation with sources of colonization. Colonization appeared to originate from multiple sources. Conclusion: Findings suggest conducting periodical molecular investigations of colonization of MRSA in healthcare personnel. Surveillance, molecular analysis of strains, reinforcement of an inclusive infection control program and antibiotic control could be useful in preventing MRSA transmission.