Abstract
Studies that demonstrate the effects of sources of nitrogen (N) applied before or after irrigation on the yield of winter crops are limited in literature. In this sense, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of sources of N applied immediately before or after 13 mm irrigation of wheat and bean winter crops. It was used a randomized complete block design, with 4 replicates, in a 5 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme, and 11 treatments consisted of five N sources: urea, polymer-coated urea, urea + ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate and a control treatment (without N fertilization). For wheat, although ammonium nitrate provided great N content in the leaves, the grain yield was lower due to the lodging of the plants; since the application of N either before or after irrigation did not influence the grain yield. Regarding the bean, N fertilization increased productivity, but there were no differences among N sources and, despite the greater N content in the leaves observed with the N supply before irrigation the greatest grain yield was observed when N was applied after the irrigation.
Highlights
In recent years, winter cultivation of wheat and bean have been attracted great attention to irrigated production systems in the Brazilian Cerrado (PEREIRA et al, 2012; GALINDO et al, 2017), characterized by the intensification of the use of fertilizers
Nitrogen is usually supplied as granulated fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and specially urea (CHIEN; PROCHNOW; CANTARELLA, 2009; KANEKO et al, 2016; PAN et al, 2016)
In acidic tropical soils, the use of urea is the only source that can lead to significant N losses due to ammonia volatilization (THEAGO et al, 2014)
Summary
Winter cultivation of wheat and bean have been attracted great attention to irrigated production systems in the Brazilian Cerrado (PEREIRA et al, 2012; GALINDO et al, 2017), characterized by the intensification of the use of fertilizers. The urea coating with polymers is a currently widely discussed alternative by researchers, which can release the N more slowly, decelerating the raising of the pH around the granule It minimizes N losses under conditions of deeper soil and higher temperatures (MARTINS; CAZETTA; FUKUDA, 2014), which differs from the winter cultivation conditions of irrigated wheat and bean
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