Source spectrum model for merchant ship radiated noise in the Yellow Sea of China

Abstract

In past decades, the technologies of ship-building and engine-manufacturing have developed quickly, which may alter underwater radiated noise (URN) source levels. The URN from many merchant ships was recorded by self-sustained hydrophones mounted on the seabed near the ship lanes in the Yellow Sea of China. Twenty-seven samples of the recording are selected based on ISO and ANSI standards. The sources were assumed obeying Gaussian distribution in depth direction, and the ship source spectra were computed as a logarithmic average of source spectra calculated for different positions of ships to improve the fault tolerance of source position information. A key conclusion is that the estimated broadband ship noise source levels between 20 and 1000 Hz by RANDI-3 model are generally much greater than the measured results for ships whose length is larger than 200 m, though they are close for ships with length being less than 200 m. Furthermore, the data samples were divided into two categories to analyze. With each category, the 20–1000 Hz broadband noise of modern merchant ships is not highly correlated to ship length but closely related to ship speed. Finally, noise source spectrum models of the two ship categories were established, which express ship noise source spectra as a function of frequency, ship length and ship speed. The models can represent experimental results properly.