Source Rock Characterization of the Late Cretaceous Brown Limestone of Egypt

Abstract

The Brown Limestone of Egypt is a primary source of hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Suez. It was deposited during the Late Cretaceous prior to Miocene rifting and development of the Gulf of Suez. Organic-rich, age-equivalent units to the Brown Limestone can be found across much of the northeastern margin of ancient Gondwana, and occur presently from Libya to Syria. The Brown Limestone was deposited during the initial marine transgression across the stable platform. Near-shore deposits of the Brown Limestone contain abundant phosphorites and glauconites, in addition to the organic-rich shales and marls. Offshore facies, such as found in the Gulf of Suez, while also organic-rich, do not contain concentrated phosphorite or glauconitic horizons.