Abstract
The article presents the evaluation results of varieties, samples, and breeding elites of quince from the gene pool of VIR named after N.I. Vavilov preserved at the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch. The article presents generalized material based on the study of technical parameters, biochemical composition of quince fruits and products of technological processing (canned food: juice, compote, jam). Differences between varieties by fruit weight and in terms of biochemical indicators content were established: soluble dry substances, sugars, sum of organic acids, ascorbic acid. In the conditions of southern Russia, quince fruits contain relatively higher levels of soluble dry substances (1.2-1.8 times) and ascorbic acid (1.5-2.0 times) compared to apples. According to the research results, selectionally valuable sources of high commercial fruit quality were distinguished, including attractiveness of appearance, taste and density of pulp, organoleptic, biochemical parameters of fresh fruits and evaluation of conversion products: Vernaya, Zvezdnaya, Granitnaya, elite 21-4-51. Varieties - sources of high content of soluble dry substances (23.30-24.58%), organic acids (1.45-1.76%), sugars (13.30-14.90%), ascorbic acid (37.01-42.24 mg/100 g) were identified. For amateur gardening, quince species forms Kaunchi 8, Kaunchi 9, Jardem are proposed as they are juicy, soft, with good biochemical indicators.
Highlights
Being valuable in nutritional properties, such seed crop as quince currently occupies a very small proportion in the garden agrocenosis
High-quality juices, compotes, jams, marmalade, confiture, candied fruits, and other products are produced from quince fruits, which are highly appreciated for its attractive appearance, excellent taste and bright pronounced specific aroma [4]
Since pectin substances have the ability to complex formation with heavy and radioactive metals, forming insoluble complexes with various toxins accumulating in the human body, juice with pulp and other conversion products are functional foods that help to cleanse the body and improve human immunity [5]
Summary
Being valuable in nutritional properties, such seed crop as quince currently occupies a very small proportion in the garden agrocenosis. Quince is an early-maturing, high-yielding fruit crop with a restrained type of growth and a compact crown, which allows to cultivate its varieties with the use of intensive technologies. By economic efficiency, this is one of highly profitable seed crops [1]. They contain a large amount of mineral (iron, copper, etc.) and biologically active substances: organic acids, pectins, fructose, glucose, complex of vitamins — A, B1, B2, C, P [2,3]. Since pectin substances have the ability to complex formation with heavy and radioactive metals, forming insoluble complexes with various toxins accumulating in the human body, juice with pulp and other conversion products are functional foods that help to cleanse the body and improve human immunity [5]
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