Abstract
An integrated study of health risk assessment, pollution indices and cluster analysis has been carried out to assess the pollution and heavy metal sources in the groundwater. Certain elements analyzed exceed the prescribed limits of WHO standard. Health risk index reveals risk of toxicity through oral pathways is less, as almost all trace elements are < 1. The distribution pattern of heavy metal pollution index, heavy metal evaluation index and degree of contamination indicates the pollution is due to urban activities. Sources were determined by cluster analysis, and it resulted in three clusters.
Highlights
Groundwater is an indispensable natural resource and plays a promising role to meet the domestic, industrial as well as crop water requirements due to its desirable high quality
Trace metals are dangerous to aquatic ecosystem as it is toxic and have a greater tendency to integrate with food chain (Abolude et al 2009)
Northeast monsoon (NEM) contributes 70% of total annual rainfall; the rest is contributed by southwest monsoon (SWM) including few summer showers (Subramani et al 2005)
Summary
Groundwater is an indispensable natural resource and plays a promising role to meet the domestic, industrial as well as crop water requirements due to its desirable high quality. The contamination of water with potentially toxic heavy metal is a significant ecological problem in both developed and developing countries (Khan et al 2013). Trace metals are dangerous to aquatic ecosystem as it is toxic and have a greater tendency to integrate with food chain (Abolude et al 2009). Several trace elements from agricultural, industrial, domestic and urban wastes may infiltrate into the aquifer through leaching (Biney and Christopher 1991). Groundwater pollution happens to a great extent and influences the rural as well as urban area drinking water (Thuyet et al 2016). Human health condition can be a key factor to evaluate the risk level postured by various pollutants (Wu et al 2010)
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