Abstract
Small arms source data are required for calculation of far-field noise levels. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods of obtaining source data for small arms noise are discussed, and specific examples are presented. Important issues include nonlinear effects, directivity of muzzle blast and projectile shock noise fields, isobar shapes, wavefront shapes, and blast wave temporal characteristics, particularly shape and duration. A methodology is presented for obtaining source data that is free of inaccuracies due to ground reflections and ground impedance effects. Source data have been measured for a number of small weapons, both rifles and pistols. Example data are presented as waveforms, peak levels, overall sound exposure levels, and spectral distribution of 1/3-octave-band sound exposure levels. Data are presented separately for muzzle blast and projectile shock, and special attention is paid to the effect of interactions of the blast noise sound wave with the ground. [Work supported by U.S. Army.]
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