Abstract
Outdoor PM2.5 samples were collected for 34 months in Pretoria, South Africa from 18 April 2017 to 28 February 2020. The average total PM2.5 concentration was 23.2 ± 17.3 µg.m3 (0.69–139 µg.m−3), with the highest mean recorded during winter and the lowest during summer (p < 0.05). The sources were determined by means of cross referencing the US EPA PMF 5.0 program and the NOAA HYsplit model. The sources of the total PM2.5 were mining (33%), resuspended dust (24%), industry (15%), general exhaust (12%), vehicular emissions (12%) and biomass burning (4%). Sources of air pollutants are both ubiquitous and seasonal.
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