Abstract
This presentation in two parts starts with a brief review on the speed of sound in neutron star matter as inferred from observational data. It is pointed out that, in view of the strong constraints imposed by observed properties of the heaviest neutron stars, the equation of state must be very stiff. Stringent limits can be set on the possible appearance of phase transitions in neutron star cores. The second part discusses issues concerning the occurance of strangeness degrees of freedom, in particular of hyperons, in neutron stars. Here the focus is on the role of repulsive hyperon-nuclear three-body forces, potentially resolving the so-called hyperon puzzle.
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