Abstract
Ray theory with beam displacement has been shown previously to be an accurate method of finding the acoustic field at low frequencies in shallow water by comparison with normal mode solutions. The method is here extended to the case of a uniformly sloping bottom. The extension requires only geometry and involves no approximations. It is not restricted to small angles. Calculations for a simple two-fluid (Pekeris) model show that even small bottom slopes have a dramatic effect on the details of the sound field. Comparison with the results of the adiabatic normal mode approximation shows good general agreement at higher frequencies. At lower frequencies, differences are attributed to normal modes passing through cutoff, a process which is ignored in simple adiabatic mode theory.
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