Abstract
Abstract : In this project, we developed 3D models of temperature and wind velocity fluctuations in nighttime boundary layers (NBL) and, using these models, studied sound propagation and scattering. The 3D spectra of temperature and velocity fluctuations due to internal gravity waves in moderately and very stable NBL were obtained. The 3D spectra of turbulent temperature and wind velocity fluctuations in weakly stable, intermittent NBL were modeled with the use of the von Karman spectra. Quasi-wavelet models of turbulent temperature and velocity fluctuations were developed. The developed models of internal gravity waves, turbulence, and quasi-wavelets were then used for calculations of the statistical moments of plane and spherical sound waves propagating in the atmosphere. These calculations were done for three different problems: scattering of sound, line-of-sight sound propagation, and sound propagation in a refractive, turbulent atmosphere near an impedance ground. The coherence function of a sound field propagating in NBL was measured and compared with that predicted theoretically.
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