Abstract
Passive acoustic and digital video record- ings were used to investigate sonic activity and behav- ior of red grouper Epinephelus morio on the West Florida Shelf. Red grouper were found to produce a unique series of low-frequency (180 Hz peak) pulses consisting of 1 to 4 brief (0.15 s) broadband pulses and a 0.5 to 2 s growl (short call); occasionally these were followed by a rapid series of 10 to 50 broadband pulses (pulse train). Sound production was ob served through- out the day and night, but most sounds occurred between sunrise and sunset, with a noticeable increase during late afternoon. Behaviors asso ciated with sound production included solitary male activity and court - ship interactions, indicating that sound production is likely related to spawning activity. Thus, passive acoustics could be an effective tool in monitoring red grouper reproduction and defining critical habitat of a keystone species.
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