Abstract
Fluctuations of the sound field measured in the SWARM-95 experiment are interpreted as manifestations of three-dimensional effects in shallow-water sound propagation. It is shown that features of the received sound signal, along an acoustic track placed at 5° to the crests of propagating internal soliton trains, can be explained by significant horizontal refraction of the sound waves. This refraction leads to a remarkable redistribution of the energy in the horizontal plane as has been recently remarked by other investigators. These features are specifically: (1) a high level of fluctuations of the sound energy (up to 6 dB) which are synchronous in time and have same amplitude over depth of waveguide and (2) anomalies in the arrival times and amplitudes of separate waveguide modes. A theoretical analysis based on the theory of vertical modes and horizontal rays is presented, along with computer modeling of the experiment. Analytical estimations of the observed effects as well as results from numerical modeling are in a good agreement with experimental observations and are consistent with simulations. [Work supported by ONR and US CRDF Award No. VZ-010-00.]
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