Abstract
The sound field properties of non-cavitating marine propellers are investigated using a hybrid method, in which the FWH (Ffowcs William-Hawkings) analogy is coupled with the BEM (Boundary Element Method) approach. The investigations include both the uniform and non-uniform inflow conditions. For both conditions, the dominant sound source terms and the decay rate of the noise with regard to the distance to propeller centre are investigated. The influence of the permeable surface dimensions in the permeable FWH approach on the hydroacoustic result is also investigated. To carry out the investigations, the formulation to calculate acoustic pressure generated by the propeller wake sheet is proposed for the first time. The issues associated to coupling permeable FWH approach and BEM are also discussed, including the fictitious volume flux problem and the consideration of the ship wake field. It was found that the influence of the permeable surface dimension is little for the 1st BPF (Blade Passage Frequency), but cannot be ignored for the 3rd BPF. In the uniform inflow situation the thickness terms are found to be dominant, while in the non-uniform inflow situation the loading terms are dominant.
Highlights
Human behaviour induced underwater noise has attracted public attention recently
The open water case and behind-hull case are analysed with the direct FWH 1 approach in Sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively
The radiated noise of a non-cavitating propeller is calculated by combining BEM and FWH acoustic analogy
Summary
Human behaviour induced underwater noise has attracted public attention recently. It raises the underwater background noise level by a significant value [1] and very likely causes damage to marine life [2]. The operating marine propeller, is recognized as one of the main sources of underwater radiated noise. Different research projects aim to understand and reduce the radiated noise of marine propellers, for example, the European Union (EU) level projects AQUO, SONIC, and ProNoVi [3,4,5]
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