Abstract
The Soumi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) nighttime imagery quality is affected by stray light contamination. In this study, we examined the relationship between the Earth scene stray light and the signals in VIIRS’s calibrators to better understand stray light characteristics and to improve upon the current correction method. Our analyses showed the calibrator signal to be highly predictive of Earth scene stray light and can provide additional stray light characteristics that are difficult to obtain from Earth scene data alone. In the current stray light correction regions (mid-to-high latitude), the stray light onset angles can be tracked by calibration view data to reduce correction biases. In the southern hemisphere, it is possible to identify the angular extent of the additional stray light feature in the calibration view data and develop a revised correction method to remove the additional stray light occurring during the southern hemisphere springtime. Outside of current stray light correction region, the analysis of calibration view data indicated occasional stray light contamination at low latitude and possible background biases caused by Moon illumination. As stray light affects a significant portion of nighttime scenes, further refinement in characterization and correction is important to ensure VIIRS DNB imagery quality for Soumi NPP and future missions.
Highlights
One of the unique capabilities on Soumi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) is the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB), a visible and near infrared panchromatic band (500–900 nm) that is capable of making observations during both day and night [1,2]
Our analyses show that the calibration view data provided indirect measurements of Earth view stray light, the calibration view signal features contain useful information for improving current stray light correction and identifying additional stray light features
We found that the temporal changes in the penumbra and onset of solar diffuser calibration angles can be tracked by space view data
Summary
One of the unique capabilities on Soumi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) is the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB), a visible and near infrared panchromatic band (500–900 nm) that is capable of making observations during both day and night [1,2]. The current VIIRS operational calibration algorithm includes stray light correction to remove the mid-to-high latitude stray light contamination that occurs during the spacecraft’s northern and southern day/night terminator crossings. The stray light is estimated based on Earth view data measured over dark surfaces during moonless nights, with an assumption that stray light and airglow are the only contributors to the observed signals [16,17]. We show the potential of using the DNB calibration view signals to improve stray light We onset angle tracking and to refine the current stray light correction. Show the potential of using the DNB calibration view signals to improve stray light onset angle the regions stray light can beInidentified in hemisphere, the calibrator signals,with and the trackingwith and toadditional refine the current stray features light correction.
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