Abstract
A sample of activated carbon and two natural coals were studied with respect to the sorption of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Each sample was found to be governed by another immobilization mechanism for lead(II) ions. For activated carbon (AC), interactions of Pb(II) with Cπ electrons of graphene layers were mainly supposed to manifest a strong exothermic effect (−40 kJ mol–1) and a relatively low degree of reversibility (ca. 30%). Both natural coals were practically of the same acidity, ca. 3 mmol g–1. However, only the subbituminous coal (sample H) proved the ion exchange/complexation mechanism as a principal type of lead(II) immobilization. For such adsorption, full reversibility was experimentally confirmed with adsorption heat of −7 kJ mol–1. The adsorption capacity of sample H was found to be the lowest, representing only 0.08 mmol g–1. Contrary to this, oxidative altered bituminous coal (A) confirmed it had the highest sorption ability to lead(II) ions (ca. 0.7 mmol g–1). Its immobilization...
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