Abstract
With regard to a potential underestimation of bioconcentration factors (BCF) in flow-through fish tests, sorption of 11 highly hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) (log KOW 5.5-7.8) from different substance classes was systematically investigated for the first time in the presence of fish feed (FF) and filter residues (FR), the organic matter (OM) most relevant for fish bioconcentration studies. Sorption was investigated in batch-equilibrium experiments by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) resulting in partitioning coefficients of solid-water (Kd), total organic carbon-water (KTOC), and dissolved organic carbon-water (KDOC). Results prove a high affinity of HOCs for FF and FR supporting a significant impact on BCF studies and differing from sorption to Aldrich-humic acid (AHA) utilized as reference sorbent. Sorption is influenced by interactions between HOCs and OM characteristics. For FF, KDOC values were higher than KTOC values. Results help to assess the relevance of interaction of HOCs from different substance classes with OM relevant for BCF studies.
Highlights
The identification of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) substances is fundamental for regulatory chemical safety assessment
With regard to a potential underestimation of bioconcentration factors (BCF) in flow-through fish tests, sorption of 11 highly hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) from different substance classes was systematically investigated for the first time in the presence of fish feed (FF) and filter residues (FR), the organic matter (OM) most relevant for fish bioconcentration studies
Sorption was investigated in batch-equilibrium experiments by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) resulting in partitioning coefficients of solid−water (Kd), total organic carbon−water (KTOC), and dissolved organic carbon−water (KDOC)
Summary
The identification of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) substances is fundamental for regulatory chemical safety assessment. Because SPME measurements were performed under nonequilibrium conditions of fiber and aqueous phase, diffusion layer effects cannot be excluded, i.e., the effect of an accelerated transport of analytes in the presence of DOM to the fiber compared to pure water samples.[18,37,51−54] This effect was mainly observed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and for PCBs and PBDEs when extraction time was not sufficient This effect would usually be stronger for higher DOM amounts in the samples and could result in an underestimation of K values. Detailed information on materials and methods as well as additional figures and tables as referenced throughout the manuscript (PDF)
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