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Abstract
An innovative and sustainable approach to integrating modified Ag–MgO–nanohydroxyapatite on a nanofibrous cellulose template (CNF-AgMgOnHaP) as a multifunctional adsorbent via a hydrothermal bioreduction route using Citrus paradisi peel extract was developed and examined. The surface morphology and mineralogical properties of CNF-AgMgOnHaP by UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and BET techniques are reported. Batch fluoride sorption studies and its disinfection potential against common bacteria in surface water were evaluated. The results showed the successful synthesis of a modified multistructural CNF-AgMgOnHaP composite with an improved BET surface area of 160.17 m2/g. The sorption of fluoride by the adsorbent was found to strongly depend on the different sorption conditions with a maximum F− sorption capacity of 8.71 mg/g at 303 K, and pH of 5 with 0.25 g dosage at 10 min contact time (25 ± 3 °C). Equilibrium fluoride sorption onto the CNF-AgMgOnHaP was best described by the Freundlich isotherm model across all the operating temperatures. The overall kinetic results showed that the adsorption mechanisms not only depend on using the pseudo-second-order process but are also governed by the mass transfer of the adsorbate molecules from the external surface onto the pores of the adsorbent. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption process of F− onto CNF-AgMgOnHaP was endothermic and spontaneous at the sorbent/solution interface. The synthesized composite also provides some antibacterial activity against common infectious microbes from contaminated drinking water. The overall results suggested that the CNF-AgMgOnHaP nanocomposite possesses the potential for the simultaneous decontamination of pollutants and microbes in drinking water.
Highlights
Most acute water related diseases are often associated with the consumption of infectious microbes from contaminated water, which are responsible for about 2.2 million deaths yearly in developing countries [8,13,14]
The results suggests that the higher the Cellulose Nanofibers from Sawdust Biomass (CNF) weight content, the more the hydroxyl groups present in the composite, resulting in more binding sites for the fluoride sorption capacity throughout the composite matrices
A CNF-AgMgOnHaP composite was successfully biosynthesized through the impregnation and dispersion of Ag-MgO and nHap nanoparticles by a simple hydrothermal method
Summary
Water, according to the United Nations World Water Development Reports [1], is at the core of sustainable development. Most acute water related diseases are often associated with the consumption of infectious microbes from contaminated water, which are responsible for about 2.2 million deaths yearly in developing countries [8,13,14]. The disinfection of microbial contamination in these water sources has proven effective against the adverse effects on human health. Many of the materials developed, to date, based on such technologies, as well as their modes of operation and mechanisms, have been reviewed and reported [7,17–20] Challenges, such as high operating costs, high maintenance, low adsorption capacity, incomplete pollutant removal, and toxic sludge release [10,21,22], posed by these technologies have limited their potential field applications
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