Sorghum Hybrid Selection and Planting Management under Moisture Limiting Conditions

Abstract

Using the proper planting window and hybrid maturity for grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under moisture-limiting conditions would produce consistent yields of higher test weight grain. The main objective of the research was to determine the effect of planting date and hybrid maturity on sorghum grain yield. Study duration was 1993 through 1995 at the Sandyland Experiment Field, Stafford County, Kansas, on a Naron loamy fine sand (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Udic Argiustoll). Main plots were planting date (mid-April through early July), subplots were hybrid maturities (early, medium, full), and sub-subplots were individual hybrids. Planting prior to mid-June did not separate bloom dates although planting dates were spread over 6 wk. The optimal planting period for consistent grain yield was 25 May through 5 June, regardless of maturity. Yields decreased with planting both earlier and later than this optimum, but early planting decreased yield less than late. Except at planting date extremes, hybrid maturity did not affect yield. Individual hybrid yield response within maturity groups interacted with planting date. Test weight was unaffected by early planting, but late planting was detrimental. An optimal planting window exists to produce consistent grain sorghum yields. Under conditions of moisture stress, individual hybrid characteristics, not maturity, are most important.