Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a non-destructive, fast, and low-cost method to measure the grain quality of different cereals. However, the feasibility for determining the critical biochemicals, related to the classifications for food, feed, and fuel products are not adequately investigated. Fourier-transform (FT) NIR was applied in this study to determine the eight biochemicals in four types of sorghum samples: hulled grain flours, hull-less grain flours, whole grains, and grain flours. A total of 20 hybrids of sorghum grains were selected from the two locations in China. Followed by FT-NIR spectral and wet-chemically measured biochemical data, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to construct the prediction models. The results showed that sorghum grain morphology and sample format affected the prediction of biochemicals. Using NIR data of grain flours generally improved the prediction compared with the use of NIR data of whole grains. In addition, using the spectra of whole grains enabled comparable predictions, which are recommended when a non-destructive and rapid analysis is required. Compared with the hulled grain flours, hull-less grain flours allowed for improved predictions for tannin, cellulose, and hemicellulose using NIR data. This study aimed to provide a reference for the evaluation of sorghum grain biochemicals for food, feed, and fuel without destruction and complex chemical analysis.
Highlights
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is the fifth most commanding cereal crop in the world and its grain production has reached up to 57.50 million tons in 2020
The objectives of this research were: (1) to evaluate the feasibility of using FT-Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) spectroscopy to determine a variety of chemical components, especially cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in sorghum grains; and (2) to evaluate the influence of four sample types on the prediction of chemical components to improve the grain sorting efficiency for human food, animal feed, and biofuel
Biochemical components of sorghum were successfully predicted for enhancing grain sorting efficiency for food, feed, and fuel using FT-NIR spectroscopy
Summary
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is the fifth most commanding cereal crop in the world and its grain production has reached up to 57.50 million tons in 2020 (de Morais Cardoso et al, 2017; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2020; Stamenkovicet al., 2020). Sorghum grain is known for its nutritional quality and there is a worldwide growing market of sorghum grain for use as human food and consumed in the preparation of many foods (Ratnavathi and Patil, 2014; Bader Ul Ain et al, 2019; Sihono et al, 2019; Palacios et al, 2021). It is an excellent feed for animals and its feeding value is generally considered more than 95% of the feeding value of yellow dent maize (Waniska et al, 2016). A precise classification of sorghum grains requires the determination of various chemical components
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