Soret and Dufour effects on MHD mixed convection flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid over a permeable stretching sheet

Abstract

The use of hybrid nanofluids can improve the engine operation and fuel efficiency in automotive engineering, as well as the efficiency of cooling systems used in food processing and preservation. This study provides insight for the development of efficient heat exchangers, thermal energy storage systems and cooling systems for various industrial applications, which can improve product quality and safety. The study aims to investigate the Soret and Dufour effects in hybrid nanofluid flow, with the goal of understanding their behaviour and potential applications in various industries. The flow is over a vertically stretched permeable sheet with porous material under convective boundary conditions and a non-uniform heat source/sink. The reduced governing equations are represented by non-linear-coupled ordinary differential equations solved by means of the shooting method based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Enhancing the Casson parameter reduces the fluid velocity while enhancing the mass and thermal Grashof numbers increases the flow velocity. The Soret and Dufour effects improve temperature and concentration, and a higher Biot number increases the temperature. The novelty of this investigation lies in its incorporation of Soret and Dufour effects, porosity, heat source/sink and a more refined definition of nanoflow, which is compared to previous results.