Abstract
The effects of fuel composition, interdroplet spacing, and excess oxygen concentration on soot formation in well-defined spray flames have been studied. The spray flames resulted from the combustion of a continuous stream of fuel droplets of uniform size and spacing in a uniform and stable gas environment. A specially-developed electrostatic probe was used to separate and extract samples of liquid droplets and soot particles from the spray flames. To provide requisite insight concerning factors affecting soot formation in spray flames, measurements were made of flame temperature by the Kurlbaum technique and flame position from photographic images. The soot emission index (mg of soot formed per g of fuel burned) was observed to increase substantially with either aromatic hydrocarbon content of the fuel or droplet density. Fuels containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalenes) exhibited the greatest propensity to form soot. But the effect of interdroplet spacing on soot formation diminishes with increasing tendency of the fuel to form soot. No perceptible effect of excess oxygen concentration on the soot emission index was observed. A phenomenological correlation was developed to explain the dependence of soot emission index on interdroplet spacing and ambient oxygen concentration by, attendant changes in flame temperature and position as well as fuel flow rate and droplet burning time.
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