Soot and Nanomaterials Synthesis in the Flame

Z Mansurov

doi:10.4236/msce.2014.21001

Abstract

The general scheme of conversion of hydrocarbon fuels with new experimental data on the formation of fullerenes and graphenes taking into account the pressure effect is proposed for the fuel-rich flames. It is shown that the formation of fullerenes is important to the corresponding spatial orientation of PAH, possible at low pressures. The formation of hydrophobic soot surface on silicon and nickel substrates during combustion of propane-oxygen flame was studied. It is established that the hydrophobic properties are due to the presence of soot particles in the form nanobeads. The photovoltaic properties of solar cells coated by nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized in counter flow propane-air flame. It is revealed that coated the surface of a silicon solar cell by nickel oxide nanoparticles results in the increase in solar cell efficiency by 3%.

Highlights

The process of soot formation has been the object of numerous investigations for more than 100 years [1,2], and such investigations did not loose their significance to the present day
The mechanism of soot formation is imperfectly understood yet. This is explained by the fact that even in simple cases, such as the homogeneous pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, this process includes a large number of rapid simultaneous reactions leading to the formation of a new solid phase—soot particles
It is stated that the hydrophobic properties are due to the presence of soot particles in the form nanobeads

Summary

Introduction

The process of soot formation has been the object of numerous investigations for more than 100 years [1,2], and such investigations did not loose their significance to the present day This is explained, first of all, by the fact that soot is an industrial product produced on a world scale in the amount of 107 tons a year. The mechanism of soot formation is imperfectly understood yet This is explained by the fact that even in simple cases, such as the homogeneous pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, this process includes a large number of rapid simultaneous reactions leading to the formation of a new solid phase—soot particles (e.g., the time of transformation of methane with a molecular mass of 16 a.m.u into the soot with the molecular mass more than 106 a.m.u makes 10−4 - 10−2 s).

Formation of Soot and Synthesis of Fullerenes in Flame

Formation of Carbon Nanotubes in Flames

Formation of Hydrophobic Soot in Hydrocarbon Flames

Findings

Formation of a Layered Graphene in the Flames