Sonographic Evaluation of Enchondroma With Soft Tissue Extension in the Setting of Ollier Disease

Abstract

Enchondroma is a benign cartilaginous neoplasm that arises after entrapment of a physeal rest of cartilage within the intramedullary cavity of long bones. 1 Ollier disease is a rare sporadic developmental abnormality that results in multiple intramedullary and intracortical enchondromas. 2 Clinical problems caused by enchondromas in Oflier disease include skeletal deformities, fractures, limb length discrepancy, and a risk of malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma. 3 Enchondroma protuberans is a chondromatous lesion that arises in the intramedullary cavity of bone, protrudes through adjacent cortex, and forms a prominent exophytic mass in the adjacent soft tissues. 4 This entity can be seen in the setting of multiple enchondromatosis or solitary enchondroma and should be distinguished from osteochondroma and chondrosarcoma. 5 To this date, characterization of enchondroma protuberans and enchondromatosis has relied on radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 5-10 We recently performed a functional evaluation of a patient with a deformity of the hand related to long-standing Ollier disease using sonography to characterize the cause of pain in the patient's index finger and a clicking sensation in the middle finger.