Abstract
BackgroundPerfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are emerging pollutant and classified as fully fluorinated hydrocarbons containing a carboxylic group. PFCAs show intensively resistance against chemical and biological degradation due to their strong C–F bond. The Sonoelectrochemical mineralization of the synthetic aqueous solution of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on Ti/PbO2 anode was investigated using the response surface methodology based on a central composite design with three variables: current density, pH, and supporting electrolyte concentration.MethodsThe defluorination ratio of PFOA was determined as an indicator of PFOA mineralization. Fluoride ion concentration was measured with an ion chromatograph unit. The Ti/PbO2 electrode was prepared using the electrochemical deposition method. The ultrasonic frequency was 20 kHz.ResultsThe optimum conditions for PFOA mineralization in synthetic solution were electrolyte concentration, pH, and current density of 94 mM, 2, and 83.64 mA/cm2, respectively. The results indicated that the most effective factor for PFOA mineralization was current density. Furthermore, the PFOA defluorination efficiency significantly enhanced with increasing current density. Under optimum conditions, the maximum mineralization of PFOA was 95.48 % after 90 min of sonoelectrolysis.ConclusionsSonoelectrolysis was found to be a more effective technique for mineralization of an environmentally persistent compound.
Highlights
The Perfluorocarboxylic acids are classified as fully fluorinated hydrocarbons materials that contain a carboxylic group
The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as an emerging contaminant using Ti/PbO2 anode coupled with ultrasonic irradiation and determine the optimum conditions by response surface methodology (RSM)
In the present study, sonoelectrochemical mineralization of the PFOA was investigated and modeled by employing central composite design (CCD) coupled with RSM for the prediction and optimization of the PFOA mineralization in synthetic wastewater using Ti/PbO2 as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode
Summary
The Perfluorocarboxylic acids are classified as fully fluorinated hydrocarbons materials that contain a carboxylic group. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are emerging pollutant and classified as fully fluorinated hydrocarbons containing a carboxylic group. PFCAs show intensively resistance against chemical and biological degradation due to their strong C–F bond. The Sonoelectrochemical mineralization of the synthetic aqueous solution of the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on Ti/PbO2 anode was investigated using the response surface methodology based on a central composite design with three variables: current density, pH, and supporting electrolyte concentration
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