Abstract
Examples of the sonic-boom generated sound field under a wavy air–water interface based on the theory of Cheng and Lee [J. Fluid Mech. 514, 281–312 (2004)] are studied to determine the surface-wave influence on sound-pressure level, frequency range, and waveform characteristics of disturbances generated by an aerial sonic-boom N wave over water. The study substantiates that, owing to their much lower attenuation rate, the time-dependent disturbances produced by the interaction with a surface-wave train can be comparable to, and overwhelm the flat-ocean (Sawyers) wave field at large as well as moderate depth levels, depending on Mach number, surface-wave length and-height, and the alignment angle of surface waves with respect to the flight track. Computed examples, assuming a 300ft.(91m) signature length and a 2psf(96Pa) peak sea-level overpressure, show that, under a mildly wavy ocean, sonic-boom disturbances at sound-pressure level of 100–126dB (re: 1μPa) can reach a depth of 750–1500ft.(229–457m), where the dominant waveform evolves into an infrasound wave packet of frequency 5–40Hz.
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