Abstract
We study sonic horizon formation dynamics for Bose-Einstein condensate systems with higher-order nonlinear interaction. Based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation incorporating higher-order nonlinear effects and through a variational method, we derived the criteria formula for sonic horizon occurrence. The key features of the sonic horizon are pictorially demonstrated, and we identified the stabilization and widening metastable effects of the higher-order nonlinear interaction, from which the quantitative results can be used to guide relevant experimental observations of sonic black holes with higher-order nonlinear effects.
Highlights
The study of nonlinear phenomena is a fascinating subject in the physical sciences
Like the event horizon in astrophysics, the investigation of the sonic horizon is crucial in the study of problems related to sonic black holes
In this study, for a ground-state Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with nonlinear interaction modulation, through the Feshbach resonance technique, for example, we study its sonic horizon formation based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) incorporating higher-order nonlinear terms
Summary
The study of nonlinear phenomena is a fascinating subject in the physical sciences. Phenomena exhibiting typical nonlinear behaviors such as solitons and vortices have heavily been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Ultracold atomic systems are the ideal choice for studying many intriguing nonlinear dynamical problems because of their flexible controllability and ease with which the experimental setting can be modulated. One category of interesting nonlinear problems that has attracted the attention of physicists in ultracold system manipulation is sonic black hole evolution, which comes into play by the formation of a sonic horizon. Like the event horizon in astrophysics, the investigation of the sonic horizon is crucial in the study of problems related to sonic black holes.. The dynamical “potential” curve that leads to sonic horizon typical occurrence is pictorially demonstrated and compared with that where higher-order nonlinear interaction is not considered.. We identify the principal stabilization effect of the nonlinear interaction for the system oscillation mode at leading and quintic order nonlinearity, which is crucial for the occurrence of the sonic horizon. The theoretical results obtained in this study can be used to guide relevant experimental observation of the sonic black hole horizon where higher-order nonlinear effects play a significant role.
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