Abstract
Mean song rates (number of songs per 50-s period) varied considerably between individual territorial willow warbler males during the period before pair formation. There was a negative correlation between the time a male spent foraging and his singing rate, and thus males that had the highest song rates allocated less time to foraging. Females started to return to the breeding area 10–14 days after the first males. The sequence of pairing correlated well with male song rate. Song rate may be a cue on which females base their choice of mate; other male characters, such as age, size and weight, seem less important in this species.
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