Somites et prolongements somitiques impliqués dans la formation des membres chez les reptiles. L'amélie chez les serpents

Abstract

Summary A new study was carried out on an increased number of young embryos of Reptile taxa either with well developed limbs or limbless to complete the previous observations devoted to the relationships between the somatic extensions and the formation of limb buds. Results are summarized in table I. In the embryos of Reptiles, the somites involved in limb formation send ventral processes in the somatopleural territory of the future limb and the limb develops only in front of these somatic extensions. In lizards with well developed limbs, there are always eight somites (S6–S13, S1 being the first postotic somite) which send ventral processes in the somatopleure and are thus involved in anterior limb formation. In serpentiform lizards such as Anguis fragilis, Ophisaurus apodus, Scelotes brevipes, only four or five somites (S6–S9 or S6–S10) form ventral extensions; the limb bud develops only in front of these somites, and its size is thus reduced from this early stage. Macroscopic and histological studies of young embryos belonging to four species of snakes (Natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata, Natrix maura and Vipera aspis) shows that none of the thoracic somites of the series S6–S13 form ventral extensions. Several observations suggest that in Reptiles with well developed limbs, the somitic extensions may initiate limb development by liberating a growth factor of the FGF family. In snake embryos, which are devoid of somitic extensions, no growth factor would be liberated and thus no anterior limb would develop. In some species, some pelvian somites form short extensions, which induce a feeble pelvian thickening or a rudimentary posterior limb bud (e.g. Boidae). It is an embryonic mechanism which is responsible for the limbless condition in Snakes.