Some variations in the use of differential reinforcement procedures with mentally retarded children in specialized treatment settings.

Abstract

Abstract The use of time-based schedules of reinforcement to affect response reduction has been popular in the area of child behavior management. Typically, these procedures are programmed by having the practitioner in close contact with the child and by delivering reinforcement immediately following a specified interval of nonresponding (differential reinforcement of other behavior—DRO) or a specified interval in which the number of responses occuring is less than or equal to a prescribed limit (differential reinforcement of low rate responding—DRL). In the present single-subject, multiple baseline studies, variations in the usual application of these methods were examined with mentally retarded children in specialized treatment settings. The variations were: (1) providing reinforcement on a delayed rather than an immediate basis, and (2) not having the change-agent present with children during the interval for reinforcement. In two studies, the treatment programs were effective in reducing problem responses, one with the disruptive behavior of a child within three training sessions, and the other with the aggressive and disruptive behaviors of two children during a free-play activity. Issues pertaining to generalization and maintenance are discussed.