Abstract
Suggestions for the origin of an additional energy barrier during discharge at high degrees of surface coverage with an adsorbate are expounded. The influence of pH and background anions on the rate of inhibited electrode reactions is discussed. The effects of the inhibition of electrode processes by the adsorption of complexes of reacting ions with addition agents are considered. The main trends in the action of various classes of surface-active substances and their effect on the kinetics of electroreduction of metal ions and technological characteristics of electrocrystallization processes (current efficiency, diffusibility, the structure of cathodic deposits and others) are discussed. The main principles in choosing surface-active substances and background anions for the electrodeposition of metals in electroplating and hydroelectrometallurgy are formulated.
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