Some toxicological health hazards associated with subchronic dermal exposure to paraphenylene-diamine (PPD): An experimental study

Abstract

Paraphenylene-diamine (PPD) is a widely used chemical in almost all hair dye formulations. The main purpose of using PPD as hair dye ingredients is to fasten the process of dyeing as compared to traditional henna. Since mammalian contact with these chemical via the scalp for cosmetic applications such as hair dyes the current study was designed to investigate potency of PPD to induce toxic effects upon the liver, kidney, heart and pancreas after 30days of continuous daily dermal application in three different dosages 1, 2, 3mg/kg in 30 adult male Albino rats, 10 per each group. Another 10 animals were served as a control group received only distilled water. PPD was dissolved in doubled distilled water. The rats were painted on their dorsal side clipped free of fur with PPD solution or vehicle alone. At the end of period of experiment, rats were scarified by cervical dislocation, blood was collected for evaluation of hepatic, renal, cardiac functions and the serum glucose level, while internal organs (liver, kidney, heart, and pancreas) were collected for histopathological examinations. The results proved that sub chronic dermal exposure to PPD can induce hyperglycemia, disturbed hepatic, renal and cardiac functions. The histopathological findings showed that PPD cause mild, moderate, and severe chronic inflammation in the heart and liver. In the kidney and pancreas it causes moderate and severe chronic inflammation. In a conclusion, this study established the multivisceral toxic effects of sub chronic dermal exposure to paraphenylene-diamine.