Abstract
AbstractIndustrial ecology (IE) is an emerging concept from industrial environmental management arising from a provocative ecosystem analogy of recycling or roundput systems. The systems approach in the concept, i.e. to facilitate the emergence of entire industrial systems based on cooperation in waste material and energy utilization between the actors involved in the system, has been applied in only a few case studies. These have been conducted with regional industrial systems. In this paper the ecosystem analogy in IE is extended to include also the three other basic principles or metaphors of system development of ecosystems besides roundput: diversity, locality and gradual change. The four ecosystem metaphors constitute the extended industrial ecology approach, in which the metaphors are considered in industrial systems. An example of a regional industrial ecology study with the Jyväskylä industrial ecosystem is considered with the thesis. Some initial suggestions for developing the extended industrial ecology approach are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
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