Some Studies on the Cross-Linking of Cotton Cellulose

Abstract

The currently-used types of cross-linking agents and some of their effects on cotton are discussed. The primary weaknesses or shortcomings of the finishes achieved with these agents are pointed out. It can be concluded either that the ideal cross-linking agent for cotton has not been found or that the best technique of application has not yet been discovered. However, considerable success is being had in producing minimum- care fabrics by the use of many cross-linking agents, especially the N-methylol type. Although cross links through primary covalent bonds are largely responsible for the observed physical changes in cross-linked cotton fiber, secondary valence cross links also may produce significant changes, some of which appear to be rather durable. Evidence is presented which indicates that polymer formation produced concurrently with cross-linking improves the over-all minimum-care properties of cotton fabric, although polymer formation alone does not improve the wrinkle recovery. Cross-linking agents which are capable of forming thermosetting resins generally are required in somewhat larger add-ons to produce wrinkle recovery angles in the practical range than are those agents that do not form thermosetting resins. The extent of permanent set is related to the extent of cross-linking. Moisture regain and density of the cross-linked cottons are more dependent upon the state of fiber swotting at the time of cross-linking than upon the extent of cross-linking.