Abstract
In this paper, time-domain (Lyapunov theorems) and frequency-domain (the Nyquist stability criterion) approaches are used to study second-order leaderless and leader-following consensus algorithms with communication and input delays under a directed network topology. We consider three different cases, namely, leaderless consensus, consensus regulation, and consensus tracking with full access to the virtual leader, and present stability or boundedness conditions. Several interesting phenomena are analyzed and explained.
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