Some results of ecological breeding of yellow lupine

Abstract

The studied and generalized data indicate the ambiguity of the reaction of varieties of yellow Lupinus (Lupinus Luteus L), created in various research institutes in the country and abroad, to the ecological and geographical conditions of the regional zone. The strain VNII of lupine Reliable formed grain yield of 1.16 t/ha, at the level of varieties of breeding Novozybkov agricultural experimental station (NAS) Friendly 165 – 1.17 and Novozybkosky 100 – 1,22 t/ha,and varieties Brigantine and Bulat on grain yield was, respectively, 0.09 to 0.24 t/ha and 0.14-0.29 t/ha. Kastrychnik and Vladko (Belarusian selection) decreased productivity relative to Druzhny 165 by 0.25-0.45 t / ha and Novozybkosky 100 by 0.30-0.50 t / ha. Varieties of foreign selection Mister and Lord undergo a period of adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of the regional zone, so the grain yield is lower than Amicable 165 by 0.29-0.49 t / ha and Novozybkosky 100 by 0.34-0.54 t / ha. In the hybrid material of the 2008-2014 NSOS of the crossing years, samples 1-08-7-75, 5-10-84, 2-13-33 and 7-13-65 were distinguished by grain yield of 1.32-1.34 t/ha, while the remaining numbers were at the level of the best varieties by productivity. Anthracnose infestation in 2018 and 2019 of green mass and beans was low due to arid vegetation conditions. In 2020, climatic conditions contributed to the development of Anthracnose in the phase of the blue-brilliant bean, dividing the studied varieties into highly resistant ones: Friendly 165, Novozybkosky 100, Reliable, Mister and Lord and stable: Brigantine, Bulat, Kastrychnik and Vladko. Hybrid samples were affected by 15.7-19.7%, with the exception of the number 5-10-84-34.1% and are highly resistant and stable. Under conditions of radioactive contamination of the soil, the concentration of caesium-137 in the grain of Druzhny 165, Novozybkosky 100 and Reliable varieties was at the level of 300-393 Bq/kg, which is 1.5-2.0 times higher than the standard for feed grain of 200 Bq/kg. Castrychnik exceeded the norm by 1.7-2.4 times, and Mister and Lord accumulated a radioisotope within the norm in 2018 and above it by 1.8-2.3 times in 2019. Samples of hybrid material (data for 2018) contained 137Cs in grain at the standard level: with fluctuations from 112 to 265 Bq/kg. Thus, to solve the problem of providing livestock with high-protein feed, preserving the soil fertility of sandy soils, it is very important to develop ecological breeding that makes maximum use of the agro and bioclimatic resources of the zone.