SOME REMARKS ON THE ULUS (PEOPLE) OF JOCHI AS SEEN BY THEIR CONTEMPORIES

Abstract

Jochi Ulus is the largest of the Mongolian states. If we take the history of the Jochi Ulus, its people, information about their domestic and foreign policy from the memoirs of a traveler, historian, scientist, sage who lived in those days, then we can say that their data are written on the basis of truth. In this article, data were obtained from the moment of the founding of the Jochi Ulus to the XVI century. In the sources in the Turkic-Mongolian states of Ilkhanid, Timurid, Shibanid -the Uzbek, Tatar, Ottoman and Kazakh peoples have brief but extensive information. His attitude towards the Jochi ulus is well reflected in the book "Jami al-Tawarih", written by Rashid Al-Din (b. 1318) in Persian at the beginning of the XIV century. In addition, modern Kazakhs have left their data on Maiki (Baikyu), which they consider to be their ancestor, as one of the four generals (emirs) handed over by Jami al-Tawarih to Genghis Khan Johu. In addition, Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi in his work "Afar-nama" also talked about the ulus. In the 1550s, Chagatai in Khorezm wrote the works "Tarikh-i Dust Sultan" or "Genghis-nama" in the Turkic language, "the history of the Zhokhid ulus", Utemish Hadji called Zhokhid ulus Uzbekistan. Interestingly, the history of the Jochi Ulus and the criminal khanate, compiled by Sayyid Muhammad Reza in 1737, in the book "Es-Cebu-Seyar fi Akhbar-i Muluk-u Tatars" calls the Jochi people "Tatars". Based on such data, information is provided about the way of life, the social status of the main population of the Jochi Ulus, and how they are mentioned in the data.