Abstract
The physics opportunities offered by using the multi-TeV LHC beams for a fixed target experiment have been widely discussed in recent years. This mode is convenient to investigate rare processes of particle production and polarization phenomena because the expected luminosity exceeds the luminosity of the collider. The main physical goals of these experiments are: i) investigations of the large-xgluon, antiquark and heavy quark content in the nucleon and nucleus; ii) investigations of the dynamics and spin of quarks and gluons inside nucleus; iii) studies of the ion-ion collisions between SPS and RHIC energies towards large rapidities. With the LHC lead beam energy scan on a fixed target it would be possible to investigate the energy range up to 72 GeV to search for the critical point for the phase transition to the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP).
Highlights
Physics opportunities offered by using the multi-TeV proton and ion beams at the LHC for a fixed target experiment and the corresponding physics program for heavy-ion, hadron, spin and astroparticle physics were discussed in several publications, for example [1,2,3,4,5]
For√lead ions with a beam energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon the centre-of-mass N-N energy is sNN = 71.8 GeV with a rapidity shift of 4.2 units
By using the LHC lead beams from injection to the top energy in a fixed target experiment, the data will be obtained in the energy range up to 72 GeV, which could be more promising than at ultrahigh energies to search for the phase transition and determine the critical point
Summary
Physics opportunities offered by using the multi-TeV proton and ion beams at the LHC for a fixed target experiment and the corresponding physics program for heavy-ion, hadron, spin and astroparticle physics were discussed in several publications, for example [1,2,3,4,5]. Using this mode, referred to us as the AFTER@LHC project (A Fixed Target ExpeRiment) in the following, has a number of advantages for investigating rare processes of particle production and polarization phenomena over a broad rapidity range and using several target types, as compared to experiments at colliders. Many accelerators have a program of studies with a fixed target (Tevatron, HERA, SPS, RHIC, NICA)
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