SOME PROBLEMS OF ANCIENT SOCIETY

Abstract

1 Oriental soceity.(A) Regions of corn-field farming with animal-breeding.1. Mesopotamia, Northern China, Egypt, North-western India. Developement of corn-field farming under the system of gigantic irrigation and river conservancy works, oriental despotism meterialized on it. Remarkable expansion of the trade economy. Variation of ancient slavery (obscinorabovladel'ceskij stroj), but coexistence of quasi feudalism in the corn-field.India was somewhat different of it.2. Central Asia.a. Agricultural society. Khorasmii. Developement of cornfield with animal-breeding under large scale manuring irrigation and river conservancy works struggling against desert, centralization of state-power materialized on these system. Oriental variation of ancient slavery (obscinorabovladel'ceskij stroj), but coexistence of tenant-farming system in the corn-field.b. Nomadic society. Vast expansion of trading economy. Remarkable developement of slavery, but coexistence of kinship-relations, slavery and quasi feudalism.(B) Region of wet-rice farming (sawah-system).a. Japan, Southern Korea. Large landowner demanded many slave labours at the beginning of the clearing, but transformed to quasi feudalism after some years of the clearnig. Remarkable coexistence of slavery and quasi serfdom in the sawah-system.b. South-eastern Asia. Generally developement of slavery in the serfdom. Enormous slave-labour survived before XIX century, specially in the sawah regions.2. So called “Classic-Ancient” society.(A) Greece. Slavery was remarkablly spreaded in the domestic handicraft-manufacturers. (ergasterion), mining and miscellaneous services, but coexistence of tenantfarming system in the corn-field farming.(B) Italy. Slavery was the most remarkablly developed in the viticulture, olive culture, live-stock farming, mining, public works and miscelaneous services. But small landowner-system, colonatus and tenant-farming was generally diffused in the corn-field very early. Here also, coexistence of colonus and slave-labour in the same step.3. Germanic society.Germanii, Britania, Gallia, Sparta, Tessallis, Kiev-Russ. Generally speaking, transformed into feudalism as the slavery was uncompleted.