Abstract
Fungi are among the main agents of plant diseases, being responsible for major losses in agriculture. The control of these microorganisms carried out using chemical compounds and numerous cases of resistance have already been observed, which makes it necessary to search for alternative methods of management of these pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study, to evaluate the antifungal potential in plants. Twenty-four (24) plant extracts were tested for their antifungal potential against five plant pathogenic fungi: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss), Stromatinia cepivora (Sc), Fusarium oxysporum (Fox), Colletotrichum gloesporioides (Cg) and Verticillium dahlia (Vd). For the evaluation of the fungicidal potential, plant extracts were prepared by liquefying the plants in distilled water. The extracts were incorporated into PDA (Potato-Dextrose-Agar) culture medium to a final concentration of 35% and autoclaved. Then, PDA discs colonized by the aforementioned fungi were added to the center of each plate with the respective treatments (plant extracts). When all control treatments (PDA medium without plant extract) had colonized the entire Petri dish, the diameters of the fungal colonies were measured to calculate the Mycelial Growth Inhibition Index (MGI). Tests showed that all these plant extracts have some antifungal activity, ranging from 0 to 100% inhibition. In general, extracts of basil, lavender, guaco, rue, toxic cassava and black plum were the ones that stood out, with MGIs above 50%. New studies are being conducted to evaluate the activity of plant extracts without autoclaving, inhibition of sclerotia formation, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, as well as other parts of plants like roots and seeds, mixtures of plant extracts and in vivo antagonism tests.
Highlights
Plant diseases are among the most important phytosanitary problems, ahead of insects/arthropods and weeds
In the view of above, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal potential of aqueous extract from 24 plants against five plant pathogenic fungi
Considering the fungus Colletotrichum gloesporioides (Cg) (Table 2, column), there was a variation in the Mycelial Growth Inhibition Index (MGI) between 0 and 76.29% (Figure 1)
Summary
Plant diseases are among the most important phytosanitary problems, ahead of insects/arthropods and weeds. The investigation of the biological activity of compounds present in plants may constitute a potential form of alternative control of diseases in cultivated plants (Schwan-Estrada et al, 2005), since many of them are the source of several bioactive secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and other compounds, which have antifungal properties (Arif et al, 2009) From these studies, important information is obtained for the search for new fungicide molecules (Martínez, 2012), as well as for the direct use of extracts or their use processed as oils and mixtures in agricultural systems, such as organic agriculture (Machado et al, 2007). Juss., Meliaceae), garlic (Allium sativum L., Amaryllidaceae) jas.ccsenet.org
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