Some optical soliton solutions to the generalized (1 + 1)-dimensional perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation using two analytical approaches

Abstract

In this paper, we study the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation (P-NLSE) representing the propagation of waves and may be regarded as a nonlinear complicated physical model. We use the modified extended Tan hyperbolic function (METhF) approach and the [Formula: see text]-expansion approach to construct some new traveling wave structures. Several solutions have been found including dark soliton, periodic-type solitons, bell-shaped solitons, single bell-shaped solitons. We also show a graphical representation of a number of exact solutions to the dynamical model together with a description of their behavior. The proposed techniques can also be extended to various nonlinear evolution models in mathematical physics and engineering.