Abstract
This study was designed to determine if supplementation of a combination live yeast and yeast cell wall product in feed could mitigate the negative impacts associated with heat stress (HS). Crossbred, phenotypically similar beef heifers (n = 32; BW = 385 ± 43 kg) were fed a standard finishing ration without (CON) or with a combination of a live yeast (1.5 g/hd/d) and yeast cell wall product (2.5 g/hd/d; YEAST; Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Milwaukee, WI). After 50 d of supplementation, heifers were transported to an environmentally-controlled facility and placed in individual bleeding stalls after indwelling jugular catheters and vaginal temperature (VT) loggers were inserted. Heifers were kept in thermoneutral (TN) conditions for 48 h [temperature-humidity index (THI) ~67; d 1–2] then were subjected to HS for 4 d (peak THI ~80; d 3–6). From d 2–6, hourly blood samples were collected for serum isolation from 1400 to 1800 h and again from 2200 to 0200 h which represented the daily targeted peak and nadir of THIs. A whole blood sample was collected twice daily at 1400 and 2200 h for complete blood counts (CBC). There was no difference in BW (P = 0.14) or ADG (P = 0.53) between the treatments during HS. Yeast-supplemented heifers exhibited reduced VT during HS compared to CON heifers (P < 0.01). There was no difference in water intake during the TN phase (P = 0.25); however, YEAST heifers consumed more water/h (P < 0.01) and had increased drinking bouts (P < 0.01) during HS compared to CON heifers. Respiration rates (RR) did not differ (P = 0.21) during TN, but YEAST heifers tended (P = 0.09) to have decreased RR during HS compared to CON heifers. There were no differences between treatments when evaluating CBC parameters (P ≥ 0.10). There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for greater cortisol in the CON than YEAST heifers during HS; however, glucose (P = 0.38) and NEFA (P = 0.70) concentrations did not differ. In summary, supplementation of live yeast and yeast cell wall products to feedlot heifers may mitigate some of the negative effects associated with HS in feedlot cattle as observed in decreased RR and VT and increased water intake.
Highlights
MATERIALS AND METHODSHeat stress is primarily the result of elevated air temperature, but can be intensified by high humidity, thermal radiation, and low air movement [1, 2]
Body weights of the heifers were collected upon arrival and after the heat stress period
There was no effect of feed disappearance between the treatments (P = 0.15); there was an effect of time (P < 0.01)
Summary
MATERIALS AND METHODSHeat stress is primarily the result of elevated air temperature, but can be intensified by high humidity, thermal radiation, and low air movement [1, 2]. Heat dissipation mechanisms associated with heat stress in cattle include a combination of radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporation. Different environmental conditions across the United States influence heat stress occurrence, potential, and severity along with cattle’s ability to dissipate the associated heat load [3]. Heat stress in animal agriculture results in decreased productivity and can negatively impact animal well-being [1, 4]. Heat stress may reduce weight gain and feed intake, decrease milk production, increase morbidity and mortality, and decrease reproductive performance [4, 5]. Heat stress contributes to major economic losses, with one study reporting annual losses of $897 million in beef cattle production in the 48 contiguous states [4]
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