Some Mathematical Considerations on the Natural Protection of the Danube Delta Coastal Zone in Romania

Abstract

Today, more and more scientists agree with the hypothesis concerning the raising of the planetary ocean level due to global climate warming and consequently due to glaciers melting. Therefore, as a consequence of climate change phenomenon, the Black Sea level is raising as well, which led to the loss of significant areas of land due to marine erosion, but also the production of some cracks and penetration of salt water into the Razelm - Sinoe freshwater ecosystem in Romania.This paper uses a mathematical tool, which addresses the maintenance of the ecological balance of freshwater ecosystem, the transit of freshwater through the Razelm - Sinoe hydrotechnical complex, and from here into the Black Sea, required to ensure the hydraulic gradient from freshwater to saltwater. This would help maintaining vegetation as natural means for protection against the sea erosion, as well as to attenuate the coastal energy of waves, so as to ensure the shielding role together with the other coastal engineering construction. Besides, the strong reed vegetation represents a natural element of protection of levees already made or those in process of development, and also a retention element of fine particles brought by waves at times when sea level is high. The mathematical algorithm used in this paper take into account the principle of fluid flows in porous media. The vegetation of littoral from Razelm - Sinoe ecosystem was considered a porous media. The research results show the capacity of the vegetation to attenuate the waves’ energy in the study area. The mathematical model was especially conceived for a unique littoral area, which separates the Black Sea from Razelm - Sinoe ecosystem. The solution of protection exploits the natural environment; it is not expensive and falls into the natural-ecological aspect of the coastal zone.