Abstract
Undulators and free electron lasers are potentially important new sources of intense quasi-monochromatic or coherent radiation produced by the action of a periodic magnetic field on a beam of relativistic particles. It is shown that field variations in the transverse plane arise as a direct result of the periodic nature of the magnet and that this restricts the minimum period that can be obtained. A parameter is introduced to describe the field variation and itseffect on the linewidth of the output radiation. Magnetic field computations have been carried out for a range of magnet geometries and the results are compared with useful analytic approximations. The restrictions on reducing the magnet period are then examined in detail. Consideration is also given to the more pronounced saturation effects that occur in such periodic magnets.
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