Abstract
Laboratory observations of the gravitational convection resulting from ’’point’’ source buoyancy (heat) injection in a stationary, unstratified fluid are described. These include various formation stages of buoyant vortex rings (thermals), the effect of rigid boundaries on a single thermal, and the motion of a sequence of two thermals, an infinite sequence of thermals, and the starting, steady, and interrupted plume. In addition, evaporative convection and boiling are briefly described. The stability of the starting plume cap and steady plume are compared by considering the effect of a perturbation of the bulk convective velocity. Perhaps, the main finding of the investigation is evidence that the starting plume cap can be treated as a thermal whose buoyancy increases at a constant rate.
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