Abstract
This article highlights main aspects of pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole of the eyes. Background: A novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is actual nowadays due to its multiple organ damage, including eye tissues. Retina is also a target organ. AMD is the most common cause of central vision loss and its development is connected not only with ageing, but also with some other factors. Last years ophthalmological community considers virus infection to be a predictor and trigger for developing of AMD. Objective: Several theories have been proposed for the development of AMD. The most common theories are vascular due to pathogenetically significant decrease in blood flow in the pool of the carotid arteries; metabolic disorders (systemic and local); oxidative stress in endothelial cells; hereditary predisposition. Inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism appeared in a novel light of discoveries in developing of not only AMD, but also some other eye diseases. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 and diseases of the posterior pole known nowadays are conjunctivitis, central retinal vein occlusion, isolated inflammatory optic neuritis, acute bilateral demyelinating optic neuritis. Thus, the question is still open. Conclusion: no single theory of the development of AMD can absolutely explain the diversity of pathological changes in of the retina and choroid tissues. Further study of the role of each factor of pathogenesis– from molecular to tissue will allow the development of fundamentally novel and perspective directions of AMD therapy.
Highlights
Despite all the advances in modern medicine, pathology of the posterior pole of the eye including Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of decrease and loss of central vision [1,2,3,4,5,6].The fact that a novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is spread around the world is especially actual nowadays
The aim of the study is to compare the development of dystrophic and other diseases in the posterior pole of the eye using the example of the carrier of cytomegalovirus virus, taking into account the increasing spread of the new coronavirus infection and its ophthalmological manifestations, insufficiently studied pathogenesis of this disease and relying on the clinical manifestations published in the existing medical literature
If we suggest that the new coronavirus infection brings the same changes as cytomegalovirus, it becomes clear which clinical manifestations can be expected
Summary
Despite all the advances in modern medicine, pathology of the posterior pole of the eye including AMD is the most common cause of decrease and loss of central vision [1,2,3,4,5,6].The fact that a novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is spread around the world is especially actual nowadays. Despite all the advances in modern medicine, pathology of the posterior pole of the eye including AMD is the most common cause of decrease and loss of central vision [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the macula characterized by presenting of one or more of the following changes [1]: Presence of at least intermediate-size drusen (>63 μm in diameter). The question of effective, pathogenetically justified methods of treatment is still open due to variety of clinical manifestations: the development of soft and hard drusen, the formation of geographical atrophy, detachment of the pigment epithelium and neuroepithelium (both serous and hemorrhagic), as well as the lack of consensus on the causes and mechanisms of the appearance and development of this pathology
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