Abstract
A frequency standard is described in which a quartz crystal oscillator is locked to the hydrogen hyperfine transition using the dispersion of this resonance. The hydrogen storage beam apparatus closely resembles a hydrogen maser with a low-Q cavity below oscillation threshold. Cavity pulling can be reduced to a point where environmental temperature fluctuations limit the stability mainly via the second-order Doppler effect. Locking to the dispersion feature of the resonance eliminates the need for frequency modulation in order to find line-center. The stability of the frequency standard was measured against crystal oscillators and cesium beam frequency standards; stabilities of 4 × 10-13 were recorded for sampling times of 30 seconds and of 3 hours.
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