Abstract
By postulation of uniform volume distribution of independent noise sources as a model of ambient ocean noise, it is shown that the spatial coherence of ambient noise produces a systematic error in passive detection or direction-finding systems as well as additional fluctuations. Since the coherence between the noise received at two hydrophone locations depends upon their separation, it follows that, for a given receiver separation and hence systematic error, there exists an upper limit for which an increase in the averaging time no longer increases the signal-to-noise ratio, namely, when the fluctuation error becomes equal to the systematic error. Also, the dependence of both signal power and noise power, and hence signal-to-noise ratio, on separation between hydrophones is examined.
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